Prepared by Dr. Kayahan KARAYTUG Periprosthetic Joint Infection (PJI) is one of the most devastating complications of arthroplasty. Although uncommon (≈1–2%), it is a leading cause of revision surgery and implant failure. Biofilm formation on implant surfaces makes eradication difficult and often necessitates complex surgical management. Periprosthetic Joint Infection (PJI) Pathophysiology & Risk Factors Diagnosis…
Prepared by Dr. Kayahan KARAYTUG Preoperative templating is a cornerstone of modern arthroplasty planning. It helps anticipate anatomical variation, guides implant selection and positioning, and prevents intraoperative surprises such as limb length discrepancy, instability, or cortical perforation.Traditional acetate templating with preset magnification (commonly 120%) often leads to magnification errors (actual 109–128%), while digital templating has…
Prepared by Dr. Alper DUNKI Spot Knowledge Coagulation Basics Coagulation Mechanisms The coagulation cascade leads to fibrin formation through enzymatic reactions. Fibrin traps platelets, stopping bleeding. Hemophilia A hereditary factor deficiency causing bleeding disorders. Recurrent hemarthroses lead to joint destruction. Von Willebrand Disease A genetic coagulopathy due to vWF deficiency. Trauma- and Surgery-Related Coagulopathies Can…
Prepared by Dr. Alper DUNKI Spot Knowledge Coagulation Basics In modern medicine, professionalism is based on updated versions of the Hippocratic Oath. The principle of “first, do no harm” requires the physician to act carefully in surgical, pharmacological, or diagnostic decisions. The physician must prioritize the patient’s benefit in all situations. Confidentiality, accurate record-keeping, respect…
Prepared by Dr. Alper DUNKI Spot Knowledge General Features Tendons transmit muscle force to bone, enabling joint motion. Their primary roles include force transmission, energy storage, and providing elasticity. They also contribute to joint stability. Structural Composition Tendons are composed of 65–80% water. Approximately 86% of the dry weight is collagen. Proteoglycans constitute 1%, and…
Prepared by Dr. Alper DUNKI Spot Knowledge Orthoses Orthoses Orthoses are devices used to provide functional support, control deformities, and reduce pain in joint, muscle, or nervous system disorders. Static types stabilize the joint, whereas dynamic typesfacilitate movement. In their design, simplicity, lightness, durability, and aesthetics are important. When prescribing orthoses, considerations include the three-point pressure system, static…
Prepared by Dr. Alper DUNKI Spot Knowledge Radiography Computed Tomography (CT) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Ultrasonography Nuclear Medicine (Scintigraphy, PET) Radiography Radiography is based on obtaining images by transmitting x-ray beams through tissues. Structures with high radiodensity (bone, metal) appear white. Today, digital radiography is widely used; with the PACS system, images can be easily…
Prepared by Dr. Alper DUNKI Biomaterials are synthetic substances, derived from organic or inorganic components, designed to interact with biological systems. Their properties are determined by their structure (elemental composition, atomic bonding, crystalline configuration) and their processing methods (casting, forging, extrusion, sintering, etc.). Classes of Biomaterials Applications and Requirements in Orthopedics Used in fracture fixation,…
Prepared by Dr. Alper DUNKI Bone Healing Primary healing Secondary healing Phases of bone healing Factors impairing healing:Excessive instability, poor vascularity, periosteal damage, use of NSAIDs/corticosteroids, smoking, systemic metabolic bone disease. 2. Role of Bone Grafts Indications: Fracture healing, delayed union/nonunion, arthrodesis, repair of bone defects. Physiologic mechanisms: 3. Bone Graft Materials Autograft Allograft Autologous bone…
Prepared by Dr. Alper DUNKI Spot Knowledge – Clinical Research & Statistical Tests Presentation of Findings in Clinical Research, Statistical Concepts, and Tests Basic Concepts In clinical research, risk, effect, and outcomes are quantified using various statistical methods. Absolute risk increase indicates a harmful effect, whereas absolute risk reduction reflects a beneficial intervention. Bayesian analysis begins with a prior probability and…
