Prepared by Dr. Serdar DEMIROZ A diverse group of malignant tumours arising from mesenchymal tissues, commonly affecting extremities. Definition Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are malignant tumors of mesenchymal origin, representing about 1% of all malignancies. They may arise in any anatomical site, most commonly the extremities and trunk. The clinical presentation is often insidious, with slow-growing, painless masses that delay…
Prepared by Dr. Sefa Giray BATIBAY Metastatic bone disease (MBD) is the most common malignant condition of the skeleton, often originating from breast, prostate, lung, kidney, or thyroid cancers.Treatment targets fracture prevention, functional maintenance and pain relief. Overview Metastatic bone disease (MBD) is the most frequent malignant bone condition. It reflects the spread of systemic cancer to…
Prepared by Dr. Natig VELI Multiple Myeloma is a malignant plasma cell disorder that causes bone marrow infiltration, excessive monoclonal protein production, and skeletal destruction through osteoclast activation and osteoblast suppression. It primarily affects older adults and commonly presents with bone pain, anaemia, renal dysfunction, and recurrent infections.Radiographs reveal multiple “punched-out” lytic lesions, while MRI…
Prepared by Dr. Ahmet SALDUZ Chondrosarcoma is a malignant cartilage-forming tumor of bone that primarily affects adults and demonstrates a wide biological spectrum from indolent low-grade to highly aggressive dedifferentiated forms. It most often arises in the pelvis, ribs, and proximal long bones. The tumor typically presents with chronic pain, swelling, and functional limitation. Diagnosis…
Prepared by Dr Korhan OZKAN / Dr. Krishna A. Reddy Ewing sarcoma (ES) was described by James Ewing. It is a small, round, blue cell neoplasm and is most seen in children and young adults[i]. It has an average incidence of 1.5 per million in adolescents and young adults[ii]. After osteosarcoma, ES are the second…
Prepared by Dr. Sefa Giray BATIBAY High-grade, malignant, osteoid-producing sarcoma of bone.Most common primary bone sarcoma.Arises predominantly in metaphysis of long bones (esp. around the knee). Epidemiology Aetiology & Genetics Histology Subtypes INTRAMEDULLARY SURFACE OTHERS Clinical Features Imaging X-ray: MRI: CT Chest: Bone scan / PET-CT: Staging Differential Diagnosis Labs Biopsy Treatment 1. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy…
Prepared by Dr. Alper DUNKI Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis (PVNS), also known as tenosynovial giant cell tumor (diffuse type), is a benign but locally aggressive proliferative disorder of the synovium, tendon sheaths, and bursae. It is characterized by hemosiderin deposition, multinucleated giant cells, and synovial villous nodular overgrowth. Although histologically benign, PVNS can cause significant joint…
Prepared by Dr. Alper DUNKI Chondroblastoma is a rare, epiphyseal, benign bone tumor that exhibits locally aggressive behavior.It primarily affects skeletally immature individuals, most commonly males in their second decade of life.Most frequent locations include the distal femur, proximal tibia, proximal humerus, and less commonly the hip or calcaneus. Clinical Presentation Patients typically present with:…
Prepared by Dr. Enes KANAY Non-ossifying fibroma (NOF) is a benign, non-osteogenic bone lesion composed of fibroblastic cells, typically located in the metaphysis of long bones during childhood and adolescence.It is usually asymptomatic and detected incidentally on radiographs obtained for other reasons. 1.Synonyms 2. Associated Conditions / Syndromes NOF can be an isolated finding but…
Prepared by Dr. Erhan OKAY Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a benign bone disorder characterized by the replacement of normal bone with fibro-osseous tissue, leading to pain, deformity, and fractures. It results from post-zygotic GNAS gene mutations that disrupt osteoblastic differentiation. FD may be monostotic (single bone) or polyostotic, the latter often occurring as part of…
