Prepared by Dr. Sefa Giray BATIBAY Evidence-based clarification of common myths in orthopaedic oncology, highlighting diagnostic pitfalls, biopsy planning, and surgical decision-making principles. 1. “If it looks benign on X-ray, it must be benign.” False. Low-grade malignancies (e.g. well-differentiated chondrosarcoma) can appear deceptively benign.Reality: Imaging must always be correlated with clinical and histologic findings. 2. “Slow-growing masses…
Prepared by Dr. Alper DUNKI Pathological fractures occur in structurally weakened bone, most commonly due to metastatic disease, but also from primary tumors or metabolic bone disorders. Management begins with accurate diagnosis, staging, and biopsy planning before any surgical fixation.The femur, pelvis, and spine are typical sites, with lung, breast, thyroid, renal, and prostate cancers…
Prepared by Dr.Bengul SERARSLAN YAGCIOGLU RT is not the first-line therapy for most primary bone tumors, but plays a critical role in cases of unresectable disease, inadequate surgical margins, recurrent tumors, or palliation.Advanced techniques (Proton, Carbon Ion, SBRT) allow higher doses while sparing normal tissue.Dose constraints are essential: >20 Gy may close epiphysis, >40 Gy…
Prepared by Dr. Niyazi IGDE Palliative surgery in orthopaedic oncology aims to relieve pain, preserve function, and improve quality of life in patients with advanced or incurable musculoskeletal malignancies. General Principles · Goal: Not curative, but aimed at improving quality of life. · Priorities: Pain control, restoration of function/mobility, prevention of complications. · Decision Basis: Expected survival, tumor type, anatomical site,…
Prepared by Dr. Fevzi SAGLAM Limb salvage surgery has replaced amputation as the preferred approach for most malignant bone and soft tissue tumors, provided that oncologic safety can be maintained. Advances in imaging, chemotherapy, and reconstructive techniques have enabled wide resection with functional preservation in appropriately selected patients. Absolute indications for limb salvage include the…
Prepared by Dr. Serkan BAYRAM Endoprosthetic reconstruction is a cornerstone technique in musculoskeletal oncology, allowing immediate restoration of skeletal continuity and early mobilization after wide tumor resection. Modern modular megaprostheses, made of titanium or cobalt-chromium alloys, are designed for durability, functional recovery, and ease of revision. They are primarily indicated for periarticular or diaphyseal bone…
Prepared by Dr Korhan OZKAN Surgical reconstruction following tumor resection is a cornerstone of musculoskeletal oncology, aiming to restore form, function, and stability after achieving oncologic clearance. Advances in modular prostheses, biological reconstruction, and 3D-printing technologies have allowed surgeons to preserve limb function without compromising oncologic safety. Reconstruction choice depends on patient age, tumor site,…
Prepared by Dr. Ali Erkan YENIGUL A rare lymphoma subtype presenting primarily in bone, often mimicking other primary bone tumours. Epidemiology Etiology Clinical Presentation Imaging Pathology Treatment References
Prepared by Dr. Serdar DEMIROZ Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) represent a diverse group of malignant mesenchymal tumors with distinct molecular, histologic, and clinical behaviours.Advances in cytogenetic and molecular diagnostics—notably the detection of recurrent translocations (e.g., t(X;18), t(12;16)) and gene amplifications (MDM2, CDK4)—have transformed diagnosis, replacing purely morphologic classification with a genotype-driven approach.Prognosis varies widely according…
Prepared by Dr. Erhan OKAY Synovial sarcoma is a high-grade malignant soft tissue tumor primarily affecting the extremities of young adults. Diagnosis requires MRI, histopathology, and molecular confirmation of the SS18–SSX fusion gene. Treatment is multidisciplinary, centered on complete surgical excision with limb preservation when feasible, combined with perioperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy for large, deep,…
