Prepared by Dr. Alper DUNKI Spot Knowledge Coagulation Basics In modern medicine, professionalism is based on updated versions of the Hippocratic Oath. The principle of “first, do no harm” requires the physician to act carefully in surgical, pharmacological, or diagnostic decisions. The physician must prioritize the patient’s benefit in all situations. Confidentiality, accurate record-keeping, respect…
Prepared by Dr. Alper DUNKI Spot Knowledge Orthoses Orthoses Orthoses are devices used to provide functional support, control deformities, and reduce pain in joint, muscle, or nervous system disorders. Static types stabilize the joint, whereas dynamic typesfacilitate movement. In their design, simplicity, lightness, durability, and aesthetics are important. When prescribing orthoses, considerations include the three-point pressure system, static…
Prepared by Dr. Alper DUNKI Spot Knowledge Radiography Computed Tomography (CT) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Ultrasonography Nuclear Medicine (Scintigraphy, PET) Radiography Radiography is based on obtaining images by transmitting x-ray beams through tissues. Structures with high radiodensity (bone, metal) appear white. Today, digital radiography is widely used; with the PACS system, images can be easily…
Prepared by Dr. Alper DUNKI Biomaterials are synthetic substances, derived from organic or inorganic components, designed to interact with biological systems. Their properties are determined by their structure (elemental composition, atomic bonding, crystalline configuration) and their processing methods (casting, forging, extrusion, sintering, etc.). Classes of Biomaterials Applications and Requirements in Orthopedics Used in fracture fixation,…
Prepared by Dr. Alper DUNKI Bone Healing Primary healing Secondary healing Phases of bone healing Factors impairing healing:Excessive instability, poor vascularity, periosteal damage, use of NSAIDs/corticosteroids, smoking, systemic metabolic bone disease. 2. Role of Bone Grafts Indications: Fracture healing, delayed union/nonunion, arthrodesis, repair of bone defects. Physiologic mechanisms: 3. Bone Graft Materials Autograft Allograft Autologous bone…
Prepared by Dr. Alper DUNKI Spot Knowledge – Clinical Research & Statistical Tests Presentation of Findings in Clinical Research, Statistical Concepts, and Tests Basic Concepts In clinical research, risk, effect, and outcomes are quantified using various statistical methods. Absolute risk increase indicates a harmful effect, whereas absolute risk reduction reflects a beneficial intervention. Bayesian analysis begins with a prior probability and…
