Prepared by Dr. Erhan OKAY Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a benign bone disorder characterized by the replacement of normal bone with fibro-osseous tissue, leading to pain, deformity, and fractures. It results from post-zygotic GNAS gene mutations that disrupt osteoblastic differentiation. FD may be monostotic (single bone) or polyostotic, the latter often occurring as part of…
Prepared by Dr. Ahmet Mucteba YILDIRIM GCBT is an aggressive benign bone tumour, classified as intermediate (locally aggressive) in the 2020 WHO classification.Accounts for 5–10% of all primary bone tumours.Typically affects individuals aged 20–40 years.Female > Male (1.3–2:1).Associated conditions: Noonan syndrome, Paget’s disease. Common Sites Clinical Presentation Imaging Features X-ray: CT: MRI: Campanacci Classification Used…
Prepared by Dr. Osman Emre AYCAN Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is a benign but locally aggressive, expansile osteolytic lesion composed of blood-filled cavities separated by fibrous septa. It primarily affects children and young adults, typically in the first two decades of life, with no clear sex predilection. Although non-malignant, it can cause significant pain, swelling,…
Prepared by Dr. Enes KANAY Unicameral bone cyst (UBC) is a benign, fluid-filled intramedullary lesion typically located in the metaphysis or diaphysis of long bones in children and adolescents. It is usually unilocular and adjacent to the cortex. Pathological fracture is the most common presentation. 1.Associated Conditions UBC may coexist with other lesions: 2. Epidemiology…
Prepared by Dr. Ahmet Müçteba YILDIRIM Overview• Enchondroma is a benign hyaline cartilage tumor, accounting for 20-25% of benign bone tumors.• It arises from residual cartilage cells that fail to undergo necrosis after physeal growth.• Can be solitary or multiple (Ollier’s disease, Maffucci syndrome). Clinical Presentation Radiographic Features Enchondromas are typically incidental, well-defined intramedullary lesions…
Prepared by Dr. H. Bilgehan CEVIK · Benign hamartomatous cartilaginous lesions derived from aberrant cartilage through the perichondral ring that may be in the form of solitary or associated with genetic conditions like Multiple Hereditary Exostosis (MHE)· They grow and mature according to typical enchondral ossification and do not occur in bones formed through membranous…
Prepared by Dr Hakan ESKARA Overview of bone tumour classification systems and key characteristics that distinguish benign from malignant lesions. Accurate classification of bone tumors is a critical step in determining an effective treatment plan. The WHO introduced the classification of soft tissue and bone tumors (fifth edition) in 2020. The new WHO classification of…
Prepared by Dr. Natig VELI Biopsy is a crucial diagnostic step in musculoskeletal oncology that must be carefully planned after full imaging and in coordination with the treating surgical team. The chosen approach should align with the future resection line to prevent tumor seeding and preserve limb-salvage options.Core needle biopsy is preferred for most lesions,…
Prepared by Dr. llkay TOSUN Accurate pathological diagnosis is the cornerstone of musculoskeletal tumor management. Even the most advanced imaging cannot replace high-quality, representative tissue and precise clinical context. The pathologist’s ability to deliver an accurate diagnosis depends not only on tissue quality but also on the quality of information provided by the surgeon. Effective…
Prepared by Dr. Ali Erkan YENIGUL Tumour resection aims to achieve oncologic control while preserving function; margin status is critical for local recurrence risk. Historical Background Basic Principles Enneking’s Margin Classification Intralesional Curettage / piecemeal debulking / Macroscopic disease remains Marginal Shelling out via pseudocapsule- reactive zone / May leave satellite or skip lesions Wide En bloc with…
